Algae
1. Algae are green Thallophytes bearing green colouring matter chlorophyll.
2. Algae are autotrophic plants i.e. they manuface their own food with the help of chlorophyll.
3. Body of Algae is formed of true Parenchymatous tissue.
4. Cell wall is formed of true cellulose.
5. Algae live in water or wet substrata.
6. Reserve Carbohydrate in Algae is starch.
Fungi
1. Fungi are non green Thallophytes with no chlorophyll.
2. Fungi are heterotophic. They get food from decaying animal or vegetative matter or from tissue of living plants of animals.
3. In fungi body is formed of false tissue or bsendoparenchyma formed of threads called hyphae.
4. Cell wall is formed of Fungus cellulose or Chitin mixed with cellulose.
5. Fungi live as parasites on other plants or animals or saprophytes on decaying animals.
6. Reserve Carbohydrate in Fungi is Glycogen.
In structure they both are unicellular, multi-cellular, filamentous and reproduction or thyloid is then may be vegetative by cell division or by detachment of a portion of mother plant or a sexually be fusion or by spores or sexually be gametes.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE:
(1) Many of sea weeds are used as human food being rich in carbohydrates and vitamins. They form important food for fish and many other aquatic animals, some are used as cattle feed.
(2) Large brown algae called helps are an important source of iodine.
(3) In coastal regions many sea weeds are used as fertilizers being rich in potassium and other mineral matters.
(4) Some red algae are source of agar-agar, a gelatinous substance which used as a medium of culture for bacteria and fungi in the laboratory as a mixing material in textile industry, as a solidifying material in the preparation of puddings and jellies, as a base for show polish, shaving cream, cosmetic etc and as a dying and printing material for textile goods.
(5) It is also used in medicine, big deposits of diatoms in sea beds called diatomaceous earth have a number of industrial uses as metal polish, tooth powder, heat incubators in boilers and furnaces and filters in refining sugar.
(6) Many green algae are a source of food for fish and many aquatic animals. They also purify the water by absorbing CO2 and giving out O2.
(7) Blue green algae contribute to the fertility of the soil. Some of them are known to fix fee nitrogen but some of them are a mixture to water reservoirs, sometimes polluting water, particularly during summer rains.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI:
(1) Food poisoning due to the infection of poisonous fungi is not uncommon. Ergot poisoning (ergotism) now and then takes place in those countries (colds) where rye (a cereal) is grown for bread.
(2) Many fungi (Asporgillus and Penicilluim) spoil bread and other food stuff.
(3) Many fungi grow on leather and leather goods paper and books, linen and cotton clothes, rubber goods, wood and even valuable optical leuses, and cause considerable damage and decay them.
(4) Damage to food grains vegetables and fruits in storage often infected by moulds in warm humid climate results in a heavy loss.
(5) Many fungi often cause serious disease of crop plants of grown for food and industry.
(6) Many fungi have proved to be useful to mankind in many ways. Many soil Fungi like certain bacteria act on dead bodies of plants and animals decompose them and make the soil fertile.
(7) Yeasts are source of vitamins and enzymes. Proper ripening and flavouring of cheese depends on use of some species of Penicillin.
(8) Some fleshy Fungi are widely used as food to human beings. Some wild animals like rabbits and squirrels feed upon a variety of Fungi.
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