Short Notes on Migration and Mores

Migration:

Migration refers to the shifting of people from one area (usually rural areas) to another area (mostly cities) within the same country. International migration refers to the mass exodus of people primarily settled in one country to another country in the face of any natural (storms, famines earth quakes) or forced (war, economic depression) event.

About 3 million people migrated from Afghanistan to Pakistan during 1980-90 owing to Russia-Afghan war. These people remained in Pakistan for over 10 years, and they still live here in the wake of socioeconomic devastation that the on going civil war has caused in Afghanistan, Pakistan, has there fore, had to bear the burden of food, shelter, health and other necessities of life. This is an example of international as well as international migration. Refugees from Afghanistan first settled down in the northern areas of Pakistanwhen they crossed over. However with the passage of time and in search of better economic opportunity within Pakistan, they have migrated to the urban areas of Pakistan. Thus, further straining the already inadequate resources of these cities. It is estimated that 70 to 80 thousand people migrate to Karachi annually from other parts of Pakistan. It is further estimated that 4% population annually is from rural to urban areas of Pakistan.

Similarly, Muslims of the Indian occupied Kashmir are leaving there households at the hands of Indian artro cities, and are migrating into Azad Kashmir to seek shelter and protection. Millions of Bihais are still lying helpless in the camps of Bangladesh. They claim themselves to be Pakistanis and claim their migration to Pakistan. Bangladesh government does not take their responsibility as its citizens. Their socioeconomic condition is very poor. They want permanent settlement of their citizenship in either country. They are facing an acute problem of international migration lying in camps.

Internal (from rural to urban) and international (from neighbouring countries) migration of population have created a number of problems for Pakistan.

Mores:

Whereas the folk ways are norms of behaviour our mores regulate our social behaviour. In fact the distinction between folk ways and mores is mores is more of degree rather than that of nature. MacIver has said that Hence we should not think of the mores as something different the folk ways. They are the folk ways, in their capacity as instruments of contral. They express the group standard, the group sense of what is fitting, right and conducive to well being”. Green has defined mores as “common ways of acting which are more definitely regarded as right and proper than the folk ways and which bring greater certainly and surety of punishment  if violated are the mores” supnmer has said that “I mean by mores the popular usage and traditions when they include a judgment that there are conducive to social welfare and when they exert coercion on the individual to confirm to them although they are not coordinated by any authority according to Gillin and Gillin “Moreover are those customs and group routine which are thought by the members of society to be necessary to the groups continued existence”.